Graduate school essay
What Is A Good Topic To Do A Research Paper On In Microbiology
Thursday, August 27, 2020
WEEK 3 DQ PART 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
WEEK 3 DQ PART 3 - Assignment Example The offeror for this situation who is the watchman should likewise have a genuine purpose to be limited by the offer. The youngster anyway has the choice of changing the states of the agreement when they turn eighteen (Mau, 2010). The youngster has a superior situation to win the body of evidence against his dad. Initially, the dad had a point when making the offer. Also, the agreement was debatable and as indicated by the youngster the terms concurred are not acceptable subsequently she can haggle for change of terms of the agreement (Mau, 2010). Section 7 expects supervisors to act morally in accordance with some basic honesty execution. Outsiders are responsible for their activities in this section and are relied upon to act to the greatest advantage of the people they speak to. Break of agreement is a legitimate offense which holds the gathering obligated for the wrongdoing and is chargeable in court. What occasions result from a penetrate of agreement? Do outsiders have rights in an agreement? (Rose,
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Quality Management in Healthcare
Quality Management in Healthcare Presentation The requirement for quality administration in medicinal services offices is an issue that numerous partners have been battling for throughout the years. As per Arias (2000, p. 87), quality social insurance is one of the significant mainstays of the monetary improvement inside a given nation. Individuals ought to approach quality and reasonable human services so as to stay solid and healthy.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on Quality Management in Healthcare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the ebb and flow society, there are various sicknesses that may influence individuals of various social classes, and this may diminish their profitability. It is a direct result of this that numerous partners, including the legislature and nongovernmental organizations, have had the option to think of methods of improving assistance conveyance at different medicinal services foundations inside the nation. In the United States, the central government, in close association with private non-benefit making associations, for example, Mayo Clinics, has improved the medicinal services gauges inside the nation. Mayo has been utilizing various quality administration apparatuses so as to improve its administration conveyance. At present, the emergency clinic is utilizing ISO 9001 standards to improve the nature of its administrations. Foundation of Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic is one of the biggest non-benefit making private medicinal services establishments on the planet that offers a wide scope of clinical administrations to different individuals the nation over. In characterizing Mayo Clinics, Charantimath (2006, p. 78) says, ââ¬Å"The Mayo Clinic is the worldââ¬â¢s most established and biggest incorporated multispecialty bunch clinical work on, consolidating clinical practice, training, and research at the provincial, national, and universal levels to support people with normal just as unpredictable human servic es needs.â⬠From this definition, plainly The Mayo Clinic offers something beyond clinical administrations to the American populace. It is an incorporated group of multispecialty clinical specialists who are centered around offering clinical administrations, instructing youngsters keen on joining the clinical practice, and keeping up a significant level of research in different territories of health.Advertising Looking for contextual investigation on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Founded in 1889 by William Worrall Mayo and his children, this establishment as of now utilizes more than 3,800 doctors, and around 60,000 associated wellbeing staffs in different clinics inside the United States and everywhere throughout the world. It has encountered enormous development throughout the years to turn into the biggest and one of the most legitimate medicinal services communities on the planet. As specifi ed in their statement of purpose, Mayo isn't simply centered around offering quality human services to the individuals, however it is likewise worried about finding the most ideal methods of dealing with a portion of the developing wellbeing inconveniences by connecting with its staffs in examine. With its central station in Rochester, Minnesota, Mayo Clinic has gotten one of the most solid medicinal services establishments in North America. Its endeavors in innovative work has empowered it gotten one of the best non-benefit making human services associations in the whole area. Quality Management System at Mayo Clinic (Strengths) At Mayo, the administration has consistently been centered around offering quality medicinal services to all the patients who visit the office with different wellbeing complexities. When William and his children began this office, they were keen on offering quality social insurance administrations to the American individuals. Be that as it may, this associa tion encountered various difficulties as the field of medication began encountering changes because of innovative headways (Donabedian 2003, p. 34). The association needed to adjust to the rising advances so as to keep up the quality assistance arrangement to the patients. The dynamic authority at this association has seen it change in accordance with the mechanical progression and different changes in this field to get one of the most respectable associations on the planet. Continually accentuating on quality conveyance of medicinal services benefits, this association has six properties of a perfect social insurance conveyance framework as characterized by the Commonwealth Fund which shapes its primary quality (Charantimath 2006, p. 44).Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Quality Management in Healthcare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Information Continuity Information coherence is one of the most significant elements of value so cial insurance arrangement inside a human services office (Wheeler Grice 2000, p. 81). At Mayo facility, all offices are interconnected utilizing PCs and neighborhood that make data move proficient. When a clientââ¬â¢s data is taken care of into the framework at the gathering, all the applicable divisions can get to the data on request. Any modification made in the data at any of the offices will be reflected in other significant divisions. This implies the speed and dependability of information move has gotten profoundly effective. It has improved the nature of administrations offered inside the office. The data is overseen from a focal database as appeared in the graph underneath. Care Coordination and Transitions At Mayo, there is an unmistakable framework that takes into account understanding consideration coordination among different experts. There are situations where a patient experiences numerous wellbeing entanglements that may require experts in various fields. The admi nistration has built up a framework where this is impossible with no type of strain. A clinical specialist in one division can without much of a stretch speak with another specialist in an alternate zone of claim to fame of the prescription that has been offered, and the means that ought to be taken to address different intricacies. Such firmly planned correspondence between the professionals dispenses with any chance of misconception among the specialists. Framework Accountability Mayo Clinics have embraced a complete consideration strategy on all the patients who visit their office as a method of improving the nature of administrations they convey. As indicated by Lighter (2011, p. 33), numerous clinical specialists have intensified the strength of their patients through indiscreet acts because of loosened up the executives frameworks at the establishments. This isn't the situation at Mayo Clinic.Advertising Searching for contextual analysis on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More At this office, each clinical official is considered responsible for any help rendered, and if any misstep emerges from any of the offices visited by the patient, at that point the official who offered the administration is constantly considered dependable according to the organisationââ¬â¢s approaches and standards. Companion Review and Teamwork for High-Value Care The friend audit and collaboration framework was acquainted at this office with assistance advance cooperation and duty inside different offices. Under this framework, experts in a particular field have the obligation to audit works of companions in that division with the point of keeping up the best practice in their field. Any progressions occurring in that particular field would be shared by the individuals so as to upgrade its application inside the office. The focal point of this procedure is to offer high esteem care by improving abilities and capabilities of the individual individuals from the staff. Nonstop Inn ovation In the present powerful world, advancement is one of the most significant apparatuses that an association can use so as to guarantee that it offers consistent quality consideration to its customers (Kelly 2003, p. 45). At Mayo Clinic, the administration realizes that the main method of accomplishing its vision is to keep up inventiveness in its administration conveyance. This has been made conceivable by the exploration unit of this firm. The scientists have been intrigued to distinguish the rising patterns in this field of social insurance and to create systems of managing it so as to guarantee that this firm stays dynamic. It has thought of better approaches for tending to different issues that at the office so as to keep up prevalent quality conveyance (Lighter Fair, 2000, p. 44). Simple Access to Appropriate Care According to Horch (2003, p. 78), human services is one of the essential needs in the cutting edge society, and it ought to be effectively open to individuals f rom people in general. When offering social insurance administrations, it is important to guarantee that customers have the ability to get to their data and comprehend their wellbeing conditions when it is controlled by the experts. This is one of the variables that Mayo Clinic has been resolved to improve its administration quality in the market. The Clinic has built up a correspondence framework in the entirety of its facilities for simple recovery of data and dependable correspondence with the patients. The above properties have been viewed as perfect for a standard medicinal services office, for example, Mayo Clinic. This has made this social insurance office one of the most favored organizations in North America. The above qualities have seen an ascent to the Mayo brand in the social insurance part inside this locale. They are viewed as a coordinated group of clinical specialists who are centered around recognizing any wellbeing difficulty, educating their patients about their intricacy, recommending routes through which such complexities can be tended to, and utilizing the technique that the patients decides to address the issue. This makes an inclination among the patients that at this office, they have a voice, and can settle on their own autonomous decisions about how they ought to be dealt with dependent on their own inclinations. This quality has helped this firm grow its tasks past the United States. It has likewise made it simple for it to raise assets from the well wishers who have now confided in it as one
Friday, August 21, 2020
Predatory Loans Target Vulnerable Populations with Reverse Mortgages - OppLoans
Predatory Loans Target Vulnerable Populations with Reverse Mortgages - OppLoans Predatory Loans Target Vulnerable Populations with Reverse MortgagesInside Subprime: June 14, 2019By Lindsay FrankelAccording to a new investigation conducted by USA Today Network, almost 100,000 reverse mortgages defaulted in the past few years, and low-income minority communities were impacted the most. More than 1.3 million loan records were analyzed as part of the investigation.The investigation also revealed that reverse mortgages in areas with predominantly black residents are six times more likely to end in foreclosure than reverse mortgages in white neighborhoods, and the disparity was significant even when comparing low-income neighborhoods. Brokers have been known to advertise door-to-door in these areas.Aggressive sales tactics and desperate borrowers have allowed the business of reverse mortgages to flourish. But in most default cases that USA Today analyzed, homeownersâ financial issues could have been remedied by a traditional second mortgage or home equity loan, had the borrowers had easier access to credit or greater income.A reverse mortgage is a loan often issued to a senior citizen who has nearly or completely paid off their mortgage, and the loan is backed by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The borrower can request a lump sum, monthly credit, line of credit, or some combination. The ownerâs home serves as collateral for the loan. Instead of requiring monthly payments, the loan is paid back after the homeowner passes away or leaves the home. But the loan can still fail if the borrower neglects to make tax or insurance payments or misses a deadline for completing paperwork. This leads the lender to foreclose on the borrowerâs home.Consumer advocates say reverse mortgages carry high interest rates and hidden fees while targeting low-income minorities and seniors, and lenders neglect to thoroughly explain the risks. Stephanie Moulton, associate professor of public policy at Ohio State University, said bad act ors seek out financially strained borrowers who have few alternatives. âThese areas had demand, and they couldnât access credit any other way,â she said.Industry representatives argue that foreclosure is a natural consequence of the homeownerâs death, and regulators noted that seniors are rarely evicted from their homes. But foreclosures can devastate neighborhoods, and California consumer advocate Sandy Jolley said theyâre failures no matter what the circumstances. âNo consumer gets into one of these thinking, âEventually my home will go into foreclosure.â All foreclosures are unnecessary, and this increase indicates a failure of the program to deliver on its promise.âThe industry has also been criticized for its deceptive advertising practices. The Government Accountability Office uncovered âexamples of marketing claims that were potentially misleading because they were inaccurate, incomplete, or used questionable sales tacticsâ as early as 2009.Changes are n eeded to help seniors avoid losing their homes, and some lawmakers are attempting greater oversight. A proposal introduced by Reps. Maxine Waters, D-Calif., and Denny Heck, D-Wash, attempts to prevent home loss by requiring lenders to take steps between default and foreclosure. While reverse mortgages may help some seniors stay in their homes without using more costly methods of borrowing, such as payday loans, the high number of loan defaults is concerning, and reverse mortgages still present risks that may not be appropriate for vulnerable seniors to take on.Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by checking out our city and state financial guides, including California, Florida, Illinois, Ohio, Texas and more.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn
Monday, May 25, 2020
The Chemical Composition of Human Sweat or Perspiration
As you might imagine, human perspiration is mainly water, but have you ever wondered just what else is in sweat? Heres a look at the process of sweating, the chemical composition of perspiration, and the factors that affect it. Why Do People Sweat? The main reason people perspire is that the evaporation of water can cool our bodies. Thats the reason it makes sense that the main component of perspiration is water. However, perspiration also plays a role in the excretion of toxins and waste products. Sweat is chemically similar to plasma, but certain components are selectively retained or excreted. General Composition of Perspiration Perspiration consists of water, minerals, lactate, and urea. On average, the mineral composition is: Sodium (0.9 gram/liter)Potassium (0.2 g/l)Calcium (0.015 g/l)Magnesium (0.0013 g/l) Trace metals that the body excretes in sweat include: Zinc (0.4 milligrams/liter)Copper (0.3ââ¬â0.8 mg/l)Iron (1 mg/l)Chromium (0.1 mg/l)Nickel (0.05 mg/l)Lead (0.05 mg/l) Variations in Perspiration Chemical Composition The chemical composition of perspiration varies between individuals. It also depends on what individuals have been eating and drinking, the reason why theyre sweating (for example, exercise or fever), how long they have been perspiring, as well as several other factors. Sources Montain, S. J., et al. ââ¬Å"Sweat mineral-element responses during 7 h of exercise-heat stress.â⬠à International, U.S. National Library of Medicine. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. December 17, 2007.
Thursday, May 14, 2020
My View Of Human Morality Essay - 1844 Words
My view of human morality is that it is influenced by individual culture and experience. Because I believe that as human beings, we all have our own values, beliefs and attitudes that we develop throughout the course of our lives and contribute to our own sense of reality of ourselves and the society. Regardless of what will influence and mold us throughout our lives, we have the rationality inclined to know between what is right and wrong so that we will do good as we want others to do so. We are exposed to cultural values from many sources: family, peers, education, authorities, and religion. Because we spend most of our formative years with family, the values of the family whether good or bad, are a powerful influence. These are a reflection of an individual character and culture. We are born into a world of values that have existed throughout humanity s history. We absorb these values as children while we navigate our social environment, processing and reevaluating them through out our adult lives. Every individual understands that life is important hence he or she needs moral values, which act as guiding principles. Our values form the foundation of our lives. They dictate the choices we make and determine the direction that our life takes. Our values will influence our decisions related to our relationships, career, and other activities we engage in. The world we lived is complicated that there exist no universal morality and absolute freedom and since our morals areShow MoreRelated Thrasymachus Perspective on Human Nature Essay1298 Words à |à 6 PagesThrasymachus Perspective on Human Nature Thrasymachus perspective of human nature is that we all seek to maximize power, profit and possessions. He gives the argument that morality is not an objective truth but rather a creation of the stronger (ruling) party to serve its own advantage. Therefore definitions of just and unjust, right and wrong, moral and immoral are all dependent upon the decree of the ruling party. Thrasymachus argues that acting morally, in accordance withRead MoreAnalysis Of Anthem By Ayn Rand713 Words à |à 3 PagesAll idea of ego is forbidden, and is punishable by death. Acts such as being smarter, or even in Equality 7-2521ââ¬â¢s instance, also being taller, is frowned upon. Going by these standards, the view of morality is different for this dystopian society. At the end of the book, Equality 7-2521 re-evaluates what morality is according to him. In the beginning of the book, Equality 7-2521 states that he knows heââ¬â¢s doing something ââ¬Å"wrongâ⬠, according to his society. Equality 7-2521 says how ââ¬Å"It is a sin to thinkRead MoreReligion and Morality1263 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿RELIGION AND MORALITY (i)Examine the views of scholars concerning the idea that religion and morality are linked. In this essay I am going to be looking at all the different view points on why some people may think religion and morality are linked. I will talk about a few things that link them such as conscience, divine command ethics, Kant s view and Aquinas view. Many people believe that morality is based upon religion and the rules written in the Bible and other holy books, althoughRead MoreMorality : The Basis Of Morality1586 Words à |à 7 PagesTOPIC ONE: THE BASIS OF MORALITY The basis of morality has been major area of discussion for philosophers for many years. In The Leviathan, Hobbes argues that desire and aversion determine what is good, evil, right or wrong, believing in a subjective self-interest based view on morality. In The Grounding of Metaphysics of Morals, Kant takes a rational approach, arguing that it is reason that plays a role in determining the same, thus having an objective view on morality. In my opinion, Hobbesââ¬â¢ accountRead MoreEthics Is Subjective, Good, And Bad1746 Words à |à 7 Pagesprove that it is possible that man has the ability to have a different view on morality as a whole than someone else, I can use the second example. So letââ¬â¢s say that I did grow up in Syria as a member of the Islamic State, and I watched men slay innocent people, steal, and burn down villages my entire life. In my childhood I would be rewarded for doing such things; therefore, would I have any idea that what I have been doing my entire life is regarded as evil by some? Moreover, would I have the beliefRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Moral Relativism973 Words à |à 4 PagesIn the beginning of the semester, we were given an ethical inventory and I felt fairly confident with my results. I ve never taken an ethics class before, so I was very interested in learning about different philosophies. I came to class with an opened mind and eager with curiosity and was intrigued by the many different philosophical theories. This newfound information influenced my current stance when re-taking the inventory. There were a few questions which I had a change of heart in, most ofRead MoreSexual Morality and Social Context1707 Words à |à 7 PagesSexual Morality ââ¬Å"There must be integrity between body and life. You must not do with your body what youââ¬â¢re not willing to do with your whole lifeâ⬠(Keller). Keller is directly talking about our individual sexual morality and how or how not it should be perceived in a social context. Most people think sexual dilemmas of it in a broader spectrum, not directly related to oneââ¬â¢s morality, by saying ââ¬Å"this act isnââ¬â¢t rightâ⬠where others may simply say ââ¬Å"why notâ⬠. Yet, what justifies an act for one personRead MoreEssay on Nietzsche1296 Words à |à 6 Pagesinterconnected with each other and because of this reason, I will not answer them separately. I will be answering them without order. First of all, from my interpretation of Nietzsche, modern humanity did not invent the idea of God. Rather the God had a functional role from his point of view. There is no doubt that, modern humanity had the idea of God, but in my opinion, this idea was like a heritage to the modern humanity from their ancestors. We should look at the earlier times of the history in order toRead MoreNietzsche s Views On Morality1518 Words à |à 7 Pagesbe worried about my morality. Growing up in an atheist household where Nietzscheââ¬â¢s assertion that ââ¬Å"God is deadâ⬠was mostly true, the ââ¬Å"sklavenmoralâ⬠of Christianity did not provide me with my set of morals, but neither did culture, as Nietzsche suggests, because neither of my parents were interested or educated in philosophy and art; I was only introduced to these subjects in school, after my morals had already been formed. Although Nietzsche may have been worried that someone in my situation wouldRead MoreEssay about Mo rality: Comparing Hobbes and Machiavelli1203 Words à |à 5 Pagesand The Prince is morality. Where morality comes from, how it affects people under a political structure and how human nature contributes or doesnââ¬â¢t to morality. Hobbes and Machiavelli differ widely on each subject. Machiavelliââ¬â¢s views on morality, based upon a literal interpretation of the satire The Prince, is very much a practical and realistic approach to the nature of morality and human nature. Hobbesââ¬â¢ views, based in Leviathan, are of a more idealistic nature, and my views are a little in between
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Effects Of A Changing Climate Change - 917 Words
The Effects of a Changing Climate Melting ice caps, intense heat waves, and rising sea levels are all clear indicators that the climate is changing. Many scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict a temperature rise of two to ten degrees Fahrenheit over the next century (ââ¬Å"Globalâ⬠). The future forecasts also calls for greater intensity hurricanes, droughts, and an ice free arctic. The public does not believe that climate change will significantly affect them but it will and already greatly has. Many different factors come into play when trying to find a cause for the changing climate, but a major one is greenhouse gases produced by human activities. A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Although, replanting can reduce CO2 levels it is not enough to reverse the changes in the climate. The change in climate can also affect the rain patterns a specific region experiences. Climate change can cause more o r less rain to fall throughout the year around the globe. More precipitation would occur in the northern regions of the world and much less would occur in the southern regions. This can result to flooding in the north and drought in the south. Neither of these scenarios is superior to the other. They both result in a loss of crops and damage to buildings and homes. Houses and higher built buildings would be washed away by the rushing water. This would also cause damage to vehicles, farms and landmarks. On the other hand, a drought would leave the area dry and unable to support the growth of any plants or crops. A drought would also greatly increase the chance for fires due to the lack of water in the soil and heat. Many establishments may catch fire and spread to nearby buildings. With both drought and flooding, the price of food needed for individuals would rise significantly. Any consumable goods would be scarce and there would be much competition to see what stores could buy it f or the least amount of money and make the most when selling it. Farms would no longer be an option for growing food if it floods or if the crops dry out and die. Bodies of water hold many different species around the world. However, humans are
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Health Assessment and Complex Care- MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about theHealth Assessment and Complex Care for Hypertension. Answer: Introduction: In co-morbid condition, there is occurrence of more than one disease in the same patient. These diseases may be physical, physiological and psychological. These diseases can affect multiple organ systems in the body, however, these diseases may have common or different mechanisms. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is associated with multiple other conditions like obesity, diabetes, hypertension and psychological disease like depression. Mr. X is also associated with all these conditions. Symptoms of such patients include sleep apnea, increased blood pressure, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, drowsiness due to increased CO2 level, headache, chest pain and depression. These should be incorporation of multiple diagnostic tests in such patients which include BMI, estimation of CO2 level, assessment of pain, blood glucose estimation and blood pressure measurement (Chau et al., 2012). In this essay, a case study of Mr.X is discussed, who is associated with the multiple co-morbidities. Description of the Patient: Mr. X is a 59-year old man and living with his wife and two sons. He is admitted to the hospital due to sleep apnea, which is mainly associated breathing problem during the sleep. He is also co-morbid with other conditions like obesity, ventilation syndrome, depression and type 2 diabetes. Due to his health conditions he lost his job and as result he developed depression. He is also keeping himself socially isolated because he is ashamed of his weight. In the health assessment, his vital parameters were assessed and it is evident that these parameters were abnormal. His BMI and body weight are 58 m2 and 165 kg respectively. Normal BMI in an adult person should be between 18.5 to 24.9 m2. Normal respiratory rate should be between 12 20 bpm in adults, however it is 28 bpm in Mr. X. This condition is called as tachypnea. Normal pulse rate should be between 60 100 bpm, however it is 132 bpm in Mr. X. This condition is called as tachycardia. Normal body temperature range should be betwe en 36.1C to 37.2C. However, his body temperature is 38.9C. His systolic blood pressure is 180 and diastolic blood pressure is 90. In this case, there is increase in the systolic blood pressure and normal diastolic blood pressure. Such type of condition is called as isolated blood pressure. In his assessment, it has been observed that his pain score is 7 in the scale of 10. This type of pain is severe pain and with this pain, it is difficult to perform activities of daily living (Timby et al., 2009). Pathophysiology: There are multiple pathological mechanisms involved in the obesity. There is mutation in the leptin gene and increase in the leptin expression, which is a satiety factor. Leptin and ghrelin are produced by the adipose tissues and act on the hypothalamus to control appetite. There is increased number and size of adipocytes in the obesity patients like Mr. X. Adipocytes produce various peptides and metabolites which are responsible for the increase in body weight. In type 2 diabetes, there is peripheral insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. In obsess patients like Mr. X, there is occurrence of insulin resistance, however diabetes develops in patients in whom there is insufficient secretion of insulin to compensate for insulin resistance. In such obese patients, insulin level may be high; however it would be insufficient for the developed high glucose level (Hwang et al., 2012; Reisner, 2013.. Insulin resistance mainly occurs due to increased le vels of fatty acids. In case of Mr. X, there might be increased levels of fatty acids due to obesity. These free fatty acids along with proinflamamtory cytokines are responsible for the reduced glucose transport into the muscle cells and elevated levels of glucose production by liver. Hypertension mainly caused due to the dysregulation in the reninangiotensinaldosterone system. Renin is responsible for maintaining extracellular volume and arterial vasoconstriction. Renin plays important role in the cleaving angiotensinogen in angiotensin I under the influence of angiotensin converting enzyme. In this cleavage there is production of angiotensin II, which is responsible for the constriction of blood vessels, peripheral resistance and consequently increase in the blood pressure. In the research, it is evident that, obesity is a risk factor for hypertension because of activation of reninangiotensin in the adipose tissues (Hall et al., 2015; DeMarco et al., 2015). Depression mainly occurs due to the disturbance in the central nervous system neurotransmitters like serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), glutamate, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). There is decreased metabolic activity in the neocortical structures and increased metabolic activity in limbic structures. It is evident from the studies that depression can lead to the hypertension in patient like Mr. X. In depressive and hypertensive patients like Mr. X, there is increased sympathetic tone and increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol. In depressive patients there is lack of dopamine which may lead to the deficiency of dopamine at key sites in the brain which can leads to development of hypertension. On the other hand hypertension can also leads to depressive state in the individual. Hypertension leads to the cerebrovascular and ischemic changes which may results in the depressive state in the individuals (Rubio-Guerra et al., 2013). I n obesity hypoventilation syndrome, there is reduced sensitivity for the increased levels of PaCO2 and leptin resistance. Due to obese condition of the patient, there can be additional mechanical load on the respiratory system, which lead to the respiratory failure. Initially, hypoventilation occurs in daytime and in later stages it leads to the sleep apnea (Mokhlesi, 2010). In the studies, it is evident that there is elevated inflammatory mediators like interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-18 (IL-18), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and C-reactive protein (CRP). It is evident that there is direct correlation between BMI and raised plasma levels of IL-6 or TNF alpha. Due to increased inflammation in the peripheral tissues in obesity, there is occurrence of insulin resistance and hypofunctioning of hypothalamic C releasing hormone which lead to the development of sleep apnea (Dabal and BaHammam, 2009). Intervention: Most important intervention for Mr. X should be body weight reduction. It is evident that at least 10 kg reduction in the body weight can improve the functioning of the respiratory system. Mr. X is suffering through severe obesity and it is refractory to dietary and therapeutic intervention. In such cases bariatric surgery proved to be more useful. However, care should to be taken while referring Mr. X for bariatric surgery because he is associated with multiple co-morbidities and there may be risk during general anesthesia and post operative complications. There should be incorporation of few mini-invasive and invasive surgical approaches to achieve reduction in body weight. These approaches not only reduce body weight and improve respiratory function but also improve blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Positive airway pressure ventilation (PAP) would be useful in Mr. X because it gives relief from the obstructive component and modify chest wall and lung mechanics in severe obesi ty patients (Verbraecken and McNicholas, 2013). Oxygen supplementation would be helpful in Mr. X to reverse hypoxemia. However, it should be keep in mind that alone oxygen supplementation would not be helpful in improving sleep apnea in Mr. X. Obese hypoventilation syndrome is usually associated with the co-morbid conditions which mainly affects cardiovascular system, respiratory system and metabolic system. Hence, pharmacotherapy should be provided to Mr. for respective disease condition. Mr. X also should be advised to maintain proper and physical activity. It would be helpful in avoiding further exaggeration of conditions like obesity, hypertension and diabetes (BaHammam, 2015; Shetty and Parthasarathy, 2015). Discharge Planning: Individualized discharge planning should be implemented for Mr. X as he is associated with multiple co-morbidities. Discharge planning of Mr. X should comprise of home care, self management, provision of specialized nursing care, formation of groups with similar disease condition for exchange of information, incorporation of social worker for counseling, experts in the community based care, diet modifications, physical exercise, management of depression and anxiety. Accurate information about medications should be provided to the family physician because Mr. X needs to consume multiple medications. Inaccurate administration of single medication may lead to the drug interactions, adverse conditions and multiple complications. Discharge plan should include schedule for follow-up visits and post-discharge support (McMartin, 2013). Conclusion: Obesity and related co-morbidity like obesity hypoventilation syndrome is a major health condition. As this condition involves multiple disease and systems, there should be incorporation of the multidisciplinary approach for the management of this condition comprising of pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. In such patients, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid values should be controlled. Management of these conditions would be helpful in avoiding further complications in the patient. Multiple mechanisms are involved in such co-morbid patients and there is requirement of multiple medications for treating each condition. Hence, medications should be administered with care so that these medications should not affect other medical conditions. Also, these medications should not interact with the other medications. This may result in the reducing efficacy of the medication or producing toxicity. In summary, such patients should be managed with incorporation of experts f rom respective fields and critically analyzing each aspect of the management. 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