International Economic Change

Questions: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the international economic, environmental, legal and social-political issues surrounding environmental management and sustainability development when it comes to climate change and global warming. 2. Critically analyse alternative means available to ensure the sustainable development of the ecosystems and various species (including humans) as a result of the climate change and global warming. Answers: Introduction In the current period the climatic change and the global warming has been considered as one of the important issues. The research shows that the temperature have been increasing in the entire world and this have a greater impact on the ecosystem and also on the individuals as well. Each species within the ecosystem have been suffering with this kind of problem. Within the ecosystem, it has been observed that the pollution have been increasing at a higher rate and the human population has created it (Brown, 2015). So they can be considered as one of the important part who can only be responsible to decrease the pollution within an economy. In the late sections , the cause of the global warming , its impact and the certain recommendations will be discussed. Reason of global warming In the recent times, it has been observed that the different issues like the industrialization and the globalization have a huge impact on the climate. These are some of the factors, which is ultimately leading to the formation of the pollution within an ecosystem. The research shows that the air pollution ate a continuous rate have been depleting the ozone layer and thus it fails in protecting the eco-space of the earth from the ultraviolet radiation of the sun. As per the words of Reed (2015), it has been observed that the deforestation have been considered as one of the important factor for the cause of the global warming. The number of trees on the earth has been decreasing at a larger amount and for this reason; the level of carbon dioxide has been increasing within the eco-space. The variety of species has been affected due to this reason and mainly the human beings have been considered as main culprit for the situation of the global warming within an ecosystem. Impact of the global warming Different visible changes have been occurring within the ecosystem and for this reason, the global climate have been affected at a greater amount. The research shows that the ocean water temperature have been raised by 0.72 centigrade and the overall temperatures within the region have been raised by 2 to 3 centigrade throughout the entire globe. The higher amount of heat within the globe has been killing lot human beings and the animals (Nrdc.org, 2015). It has been observed that the melting of the ice in the Polar Regions have been increasing the sea level. For this reason, the natural calamities like hurricanes have been affecting the many regions within the globe. The hurricanes have been affecting the living conditions of the different organisms within the globe. Goudie (2013) sheds light on the fact that for the fact of the global warming, many birds and the animals of different origins have been migrating to the other regions of the earth in order to survive. Several authors and the researchers have analyzed that in the near future, the economy will be going to face the recession, as all the natural resources within the economy will be destroyed. The gradual increase of the warming within the ecosystem will have a greater impact on the species within the globe as it will stop the animals and the different birds to interact with each other (Www2.ucar.edu, 2015). Expectations As the individuals have been responsible for the climatic change within the environment, they only need to take certain measures and the actions to handle this critical situation. If the right decision have not been taken at the right time, the situation will be getting worse in the distant future (Dillon et al. 2010). If the decision has not been taken properly then the amount of natural calamities within the globe will be increasing at a higher amount affecting the vast population of the human species, animals and the birds. The research shows that the change in the climate has been affecting the trees as well as the agricultural development. The researchers have predicted that in the near future around 20-30% of the different plant and the animal species will extinct for the reason of the global learning. The study shows that the sea have been losing the alkaline and for this reason it is turning acidic in nature affecting different animals and the fishes who have been living in the underwater. The higher amount of acid in the sea has been affecting the life of the sea plankton (Pindyck, 2013). Handling the climatic change and the greenhouse effect in order to minimize the problems The research shows that the global warming and the green house effect is one of the global problems. For this reason, the government needs to undertake some of the necessary steps in order to tackle the environmental problem. It can be said that the international agreement need to be made in order to deal this kind of environmental problem. The international agreement has been signed in the states in the city of Kyoto December in the year of 1997, December and it is known as Kyoto protocol. This protocol agreed with the industrialized countries in order to decrease the level of the effect of the green house gas. This has decreased the rate of the emission of the green house by 5.2% as compared to 29% reduction of the greenhouse gas in the year of 2010 (Wwf.org.au, 2015).The main aim of the protocol was to decrease the six types of the greenhouse gases namely like the carbon dioxide, sulphur, methane within the globe. Some of the necessary initiatives need to be undertaken in order to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas within the globe. They are: Renewable sources of energy: In the recent era, it has been observed that the main source of pollution of the industries, vehicles is the energy. The more consumption of the energy by the transport vehicles and the industries helping them in burning the fuels for the production processes and for this reason the emission of the carbon-dioxide gas within the global economy have been increased at a higher amount (Cooke,2014). In order to protect the globe from the harmful greenhouse gases, the government has been planning the alternative source of energy by the year of 2050 so that the natural resources within the earth can be protected properly. It is the responsibility of all the citizens of the globe as well as by the government to shift the use of fossil fuel to the use of the renewable sources of energy as nearly about one third of the energy comes from the burning of the fossil fuels. Transportation of low carbon: As the transportation vehicles have been emitting the larger amount of energies, steps need to be taken to replace this with the lesser carbon producer energy. In the recent cases, it has been observed that the battery cars have been invented by most of the industries, which helps in restoring the solar energy and prevents emission of the green house gases. The more storage of the solar energies and the other modes of the renewable energies like hydroelectric powers can be bale to meet the environmental problems like the global warming and the climatic change. The hydrogen energy needs to be used so that the emission of the carbon dioxide gases can be prevented (Chen et al. 2011). The forest need to be preserved: The deforestation has been occurring within the entire globe due to the fact of industrialization. The normal number of the trees has been decreasing at a substantial amount and for the reason the environment and the ecosystem have been effected at a higher degree. It is known to everyone that trees constitute one of the important factors for maintaining the sustainable environment within the ecosystem. The trees help in purifying the air and make the air pollutant free (Trenberth et al. 2014). Therefore, each of the individuals needs to undertake adequate number of initiatives to save the planet. For the climatic change, the mangrove forests in many regions have been destroyed. The Amazon forests have also been affected due to the reason of global warming and the climatic changes. In order to deal with these kinds of problems, the international initiatives need to be undertaken by the government (Cook et al. 2013). Changes in the approaches of the human beings: Since the last 200 years, it has been observed that the civilization of the human beings have been increased at a vast pace. Now days, the requirements and the needs of the human beings have been changing and for this reason, certain steps need to be undertaken to reduce the level of pollution within the globe. As a consultant of UN, it is the responsibility of each of the individuals to take active measures to control the level of pollution within an economy (Goudie, 2013). Conclusion The entire chapter highlights the fact that human beings are the main reason for the environmental degradation and the harmful climatic change within the globe. In order to mitigate all these problems, some of the effective measures need to be undertaken both by the individuals and by the government in order to make the earth a secured place for the future generations Reference List Brown, A. (2015). Climate science: Regional climate prediction.Nature Climate change, 5(3), pp.193-193. Chen, I. C., Hill, J. K., Ohlemller, R., Roy, D. B., and Thomas, C. D. (2011). Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming.Science,333(6045), 1024-1026. Cook, J., Nuccitelli, D., Green, S. A., Richardson, M., Winkler, B., Painting, R., ... and Skuce, A. (2013). Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature.Environmental Research Letters,8(2), 024024. Cooke, R. (2014). 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